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George Tonchev
New Efficient Technologies of Wave and Tidal Power Plants
Videos of Hydrokinetic JET Turbines see here !!!
Videos of JET WIND TURBINES see here !!!
Videos of Patented Technologies of Wave Power Plants See here !!!
See the calculation of JET turbine performance
Ocean Energy Converters
The final aim of the presented here new developments of wave and tidal power farms are to decrease both initial investments and operation costs by environment friendly technical solutions.
There are multiple ways to tap the energy of the ocean, including its tides, thermal features, and salinity. But wave energy appears to be the most promising and closest to commercial production.
Wave energy is the capacity of the waves for doing work. Ocean waves are generated by the influence of the wind on the ocean surface first causing ripples. As the wind continues to blow, the ripples become chop, fully developed seas and finally swells. In deep water, the energy in waves can travel for thousands of miles until that energy is finally dissipated on distant shores. Deep water wave power resources are truly enormous, between 1 TW and 10 TW, but it is not practical to capture all of this. The useful world-wide resource has been estimated to be greater than 2 TW. Locations with the most potential for wave power include; the western seaboard of Europe, the northern coast of the UK, Northwestern coast of Ireland and the Pacific coastlines of North and South America, Southern Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
Wave energy is varying seasonally, but tidal power varies in very broad range hourly. That is why for every economical feasible wave power farm is important the EFFICIENCY of the wave power extractors. The best EFFICIENCY means maximal possible rate of power generated per a kilogram of the wave power extractors.
For every economical feasible tidal power farm is important the CAPACITY FACTOR of the tidal power turbines. The best CAPACITY FACTOR means maximal possible yearly energy yield per a tidal power turbine.
Basic types of wave power extractors
We are using here a classification by the degree of the wave power convertions of different types of wave converters. The top position of the classification shows both maximal energy efficiency and the best economical feasible solution.
Wave power is the transport of energy by ocean surface waves, and the capture of that energy to do useful work. The wave power extractors are a technology and devices that use the motion of ocean surface waves to create useful power.
The wave power is presented by 3 dimensional motion of the sea / ocean surface forced by wind typically. That is why three general types divided wave power extractors:
Wave power extractors that basically use the vertical component of wave motion can call one dimensional (1 D) wave motion extractors, e.g. PowerBuoy (point absorber) technology. The rising and falling of the waves moves the buoy-like structure creating mechanical energy which is converted into electricity as example.
Wave power extractors that basically use the vertical and horizontal components of wave motion can call two dimensional (2 D) wave motion extractors, e.g. Pelamis technology. The Pelamis Wave Energy Converter is a technology that uses 2 D motion of ocean surface waves to create electricity. The machine is made up of connected sections which flex and bend as waves pass; it is this motion which is used to generate electricity.
A comparison of the efficiency of above described basic types of wave power extractors is presented on chart below:
The best EFFICIENCY means maximal rate of power generated per a kilogram of the wave power extractors. Several advanced patent pending solutions based on NEW invented 3 D power TM extractor have been developed to obtain the maximal possible EFFICIENCY by 3 D direct wave power converters.
Basic types of hydrokinetic / tidal turbines
Tidal in stream energy occurs due to the moving mass of water with speed and direction as caused by the gravitational forces of the sun and the moon, and centrifugal and inertial forces on the earth's waters. Due to its proximity to the earth, the moon exerts roughly twice the tide raising force of the sun. The gravitational forces of the sun and moon and the centrifugal/inertial forces caused by the rotation of the earth around the center of mass of the earth-moon system create two "bulges" in the earth's oceans: one closest to the moon, and the other on the opposite side of the globe.
River in stream energy occurs to the hydrokinetic energy of the moving river water. A tidal signature can be seen in rivers up to a hundred miles or so from where the river empties into the ocean. In these cases, it is not important whether the site is called a tidal site or a river site. The velocity of the river current is a function of the slope of the reach and the effect of gravity and the roughness of the riverbed and the effect of frictional forces slowing the current.
Hydrokinetic turbines are similar to wind machines but for under water operation in free water streams. A wide variety of types and sizes of wind machines exist today. We are using here a classification by the overall degree of load of the different types of tidal power turbines during an yearly cycle. The top position of the classification shows both maximal annual energy yield and the best economical feasible solution.
Usually, wind turbines are classified by mode of operation (drag and lift mode of operation):
On a drag device the water / wind pushes the blade forcing the rotor to turn about its axis; the most common example of a drag device is the farm windmill. Drag devices characteristically produce high starting torque and are well suited to pumping water in low volumes, however they are limited in the amount of energy they can extract from the wind. Drag devices both horizontal and vertical axis of rotation of tidal application operate at low velocity flow and high speed flow, as well.
Wind / hydrokinetic turbines that
use lift have only a few (two, three or four) blades in contrast to the
multiple blades of a drag device. One blade rotating very fast can extract
as much energy as many blades rotating slower. Lift devices use slender
airfoils for blades, whose shape is the same as an airplane wing. Lift
devices are more efficient than the drag devices, thus the blade
area can be reduced considerably. But lift devices not operate in low velocity
stream even they are not self starting machines. Lift devices are further
classified by axis type: horizontal (HAWT) and vertical (VAWT).
The third mode of wind / hydro turbine operation is the JET mode of operation. It is a radical new solution. All my inventions relate to the hydro and wind JET turbine applications take advantages of an additional JET force augmented blade rotation. Thanks to it the turbine efficiency is increased up to 2 times for both lift and drag devices on the vertical, inclined and horizontal axis hydro / wind rotors of axial and cross flow rotors. All JET augmented turbines are self starting machines at very low flow stream.
Below is presented a comparison of the capacity (load) factors of the tidal power turbines classifying by above described modes of operation:
The best CAPACITY FACTOR means maximal yearly energy yield per a tidal power turbine. The NEW invented JET augmented water current turbines we call ROTOJET TM machines. Several advanced patent pending ROTOJETTM hybrid turbines have been developed to realize the maximal possible CAPACITY FACTOR by omni-directional lift / jet / drag turbines.
Basic Approach to JET Turbine Development
Two Facts:
The function of an airplane propeller Is to push / pull the aircraft
The aim of the airplane propeller is to create thrust by rotation. Two basic parts divides the airplane engine power output:
The function of a propeller turbine Is to transform the flow kinetic energy to rotational force
The aim of the propeller turbine is to rotate electric generator, as example. Two basic parts divides the incoming flow energy crossing the propeller rotational plane:
The aim of JET turbine is to convert part on non-usable thrust force to usable rotational JET force by especially designed JET blade/s of free stream (wind / water) turbines. That way is reduced energy losses – reciprocate increased the turbine efficiency.
Described conversion of the thrust force loses to an additional rotational JET force is a radical new approach of turbine engineering. Thanks to it I have developed number of patented JET turbine solutions. The flow that creating the turbine thrust by special blade design is redirected to generate additional rotational torque. That is why all my jet turbines are much more efficient and achieved low cost power production. All of them have better performance at low and moderate flow and have self start ability at very low stream velocities.
Different combination of new invented JET turbines and all known axial or cross flow turbines are possible. And coaxial turbines, as well.
All my JET turbine developments depend on site conditions and planned goals of the turbine implementations.
Based on new invented ROTOJET fluid kinetic energy converters are developing number of hydrokinetic JET rotor designs. Each of them is full scalable. JET rotor/blades concept require new line of hydrofoil cross section, new plan form, new pitch and twist designs, new hub etc. In addition we have developed complete new ROTOJET power system "flow - blade - rotor - drive train - electric generator - power controller/inverter" ROTOJET power system design is easy tailored to the specific flow conditions (velocity, turbulence etc.) to achieve much better system capacity factor.
A video of new kind of water jet self augmented Savonius turbines see
hereA short presentation of Darrieus wind turbines with new invented jet blades see here.
More see at www.tonchev.org/all.html
Inventions & Technologies
of Renewable Energy
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Author and inventor: © George Tonchev
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