Videos of Hydrokinetic JET Turbines see here !!!
Videos of JET WIND TURBINES see here !!!
Videos of Patented Technologies of Wave Power Plants See here !!!
See the calculation of JET turbine performance
George Tonchev
Inventions & Technologies of Renewable Energy
Vertical and horizontal axis wind turbine (VAWT and HAWT) with Lift/Drag Jet Blades and JET TIP Blades
See a video of a horizontal axis wind turbine with JET TIP rotor blades
See a video of a Lift / Drag Blade Cross Flow Turbine
Jet Z-shaped Rotor of Cross Flow Turbine see here (VAWT)
The principal assumption of the Betz model (for calculating of the best free flow turbine efficiency) was that the fluid flow remains rectilinear when passing through the turbine and maintains a uniform distribution of the fluid pressure on the turbine. In reality, the fluid streams are deflected from the rectilinear direction near the barrier. By taking account of the curvilinear trajectories for the streams and flow redirecting, one obtains a more correct turbine power and efficiency limit. In addition if incoming flow is using not only one time but twice - Betz efficiency of 59% is not a limit. Jet blades and respective turbine is using the energy of incoming flow at least two times. That is why the theoretical efficiency is as high as above 80% . In reality the efficiency of well designed JET rotors is possible to increase up to 2 times in comparison with non-JET blade turbines.
Based on new invented ROTOJET fluid kinetic energy converters are developing number of wind JET rotor designs. Each of them is full scalable. JET rotor/blades concept require new line of airfoil cross section, new plan form, new pitch and twist designs, new hub etc. In addition we have developed complete new ROTOJET power system "flow - blade - rotor - drive train - electric generator - power controller/inverter". ROTOJET power system design is easy tailored to the specific flow conditions (velocity, turbulence etc.) to achieve much better system capacity factor and reduction of the noise pollution.
Basic Approach of JET Turbine Development
Two Facts:
The function of an airplane propeller Is to push / pull the aircraft
The aim of the airplane propeller is to create thrust by rotation. Two basic parts divides the airplane engine power output:
The function of a propeller turbine Is to transform the flow kinetic energy to rotational force
The aim of the propeller turbine is to rotate electric generator, as example. Two basic parts divides the incoming flow energy crossing the propeller rotational plane:
The aim of JET turbine is to convert part on non-usable thrust force to usable rotational JET force by especially designed JET blade/s of free stream (wind / water) turbines. That way is reduced energy losses reciprocate increased the turbine efficiency.
Described conversion of the thrust force loses to an additional rotational JET force is a radical new approach of turbine engineering. Thanks to it I have developed number of patented JET turbine solutions. The flow that creating the turbine thrust by special blade design is redirected to generate additional rotational torque. That is why all my jet turbines are much more efficient and achieved low cost power production. All of them have better performance at low and moderate flow and have self start ability at very low stream velocities.
Different combination of new invented JET turbines and all known axial or cross flow turbines are possible. And coaxial turbines, as well.
All my JET turbine developments depend on site conditions and planned goals of the turbine implementations.
Hydrokinetic power refers to the generation of electricity from moving water without impoundments or diversionary structures that are typically used at conventional hydropower facilities. New invented technology operates in open rivers, channels, tidal areas and oceans. It is a new high efficient standard of conversions of water kinetic energy to usable power thank to number of patented radical new technical solutions based on JET augmented turbine rotors. The invented JET hydrokinetic power plants designs include both horizontal and vertical JET turbines. It is basically surface-suspended systems, is also deployable downstream from existing hydropower facilities, which allows for new, environmentally- friendly power generation within the existing project footprint.
The New Jet Turbines of 21st Century
Technical history of the development of wind-turbine building has begun at the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century.
The scientific, technical and technological development of the propeller wind turbines follows the development of the airplane propellers. The propellers of the planes have been at first two-bladed. They have higher revolution rank in comparison with the multi-bladed. Thats the reason why at the beginning of their using the wind turbines for rotating the electro-generators were with two or three blades. And now all of the MW turbines have three blades. They catch the biggest part of the kinetic wind energy. Positive fact was that the technical and technological results and achievements in the designing, development, constructing, production and exploitation of the airplane propellers at the past have been used to a considerable degree for the wind turbines. And till nowadays are being massively used the standards for the profiles of wind propellers developed at the first half of 20th century in Germany and USA for airplane propellers and wings. Namely this technical continuity has given the possibility of the fast development of the wind power engineering at the end of 20th century and till now. However, yet at the beginning of 20th century has been proved that the maximum possible transformation of the kinetic energy of a free unstressed fluid current (water, wind or other) into mechanical energy of rotation of the shaft is 59%. This so called limit of Lanchester-Betz is, of course, is questioned also till today. A. Gorlov, for example, stands behind a mathematical model which proves that the max. efficiency is not 59% but much smaller only 35%. I will not take a part in this dispute here, because it is out of our subject. I will only notice that in Gorlovs opinion - also for the hydro-kinetic turbines the limit of efficiency is 35% and the invented by him vertical-axis turbine (which is in fact the Darrieus turbine with helical blades) has the highest possible effectiveness.
As far as the hydro-kinetic turbines have full continuity with the wind turbines then they have also their advantages and disadvantages.
I will not make a list of priorities and shortcomings but will only point the principal disadvantage in applying of the identical approaches to the wind turbines and airplane propellers and respectively to the hydro-kinetic turbines and water propellers.
The principal difference between the fluid propeller motors and the fluid propeller turbines is in their function. The propeller motors have the task to create traction. Their rotation is what creates their traction and it is not an aim but a mean. And as far as there are losses of energy during the rotation then they are parasitic according to the main function the traction. In each case the losses from rotation are unavoidable.
The mission of propeller turbines in the mass case is to rotate for turning the electro-generator. It means that the rotation is the aim and not the mean as it is at the propeller engines. During their rotation the turbines are subjected to the dynamic thrust of the flow which is unfavorable from energetic point of view. This axial thrust is in a sense analogical to the traction at the propeller motors. But for the turbines it is parasitic from energetic point of view and from mechanical-constructive standpoint it destroys them and is also undesired.
The working Principe of the jet fluid turbines is radically new. The jet propeller turbines rotate by analogical reason causing the rotation of the non-reactive propeller turbines. The propellers of jet turbines rotate by reason of the difference of the flow pressure before and after their blades. But this difference around the outlines and especially at the periphery of their blades is almost zero, because the fluid with enhanced pressure freely passes to the back side of the blade, where the pressure is lower which ultimately leads to losses of energy. This is the first main disadvantage of the propeller turbines. The second one is that the axial stress of the fluid over their rotors is parasitic and does not contribute to their rotation but only loads them mechanically.
Based on new invented ROTOJET fluid kinetic energy converters are developing number of wind and hydrokinetic JET rotor designs. Each of them is full scalable. JET rotor/blades concept require new line of airfoil / hydrofoil cross section, new plan form, new pitch and twist designs, new hub etc. In addition we have developed complete new ROTOJET power system "flow - blade - rotor - drive train - electric generator - power controller/inverter" . ROTOJET power system design is easy tailored to the specific flow conditions (velocity, turbulence etc.) to achieve much better system capacity factor.
For some applications of ROTOJET power system is possible JET rotor upgrade / retrofit of the conventional rotors.
For official carbon dioxide reducing patent publications see here
See a comparison in operation of JET turbine vs. conventional turbine at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghp-7MqUyhs
The jet turbines solve the main two problems of the conventional propeller turbine rotors by jet peripheral channels of the blades. These channels have two functions:
The fist one is to obstruct the passing of the fluid with enhanced stress to the back side of the blade, where the pressure is lower,
The second function is acceleration of the fluid current in the channel and its directing towards the back of the correspondent blade, and thus the flowing current to create jet stream. In the opposite direction of the flow appears jet force which considerably supports the rotation.
Because of the jet channels big part of the fluid pressure over the rotor is redirected into jet force and also due to the channels the inductive losses of energy are vastly decreased, because of the passing of a fluid under stress toward the back side of the blade, where the pressure is lower.
Owing to the mentioned above, the jet propeller rotors are about two and more times more effective in comparison to the conventional propeller rotors. Such jet turbines are described in the following patent descriptions BG110 251/2008 and BG 110 340/2009
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ROTOR BLADE WITH JET PERIPHERAL CHANNELS
TWO-STAGE JET ROTOR OF WIND/HYDRO-KINETIC TURBINE
Two Stage Horizontal Axis Coaxial JET Turbine
Small-scale wind-driven electrical power generating devices have been used for generations in remote areas not served by electricity utility companies. However, in more recent years, as the cost of fossil fuels, such as oil, has increased, more interest has been taken in alternative renewable sources of energy, such as tidal, hydroelectric and wind. The design of wind-driven electrical power devices has not changed much over the years. Thus, the basic device involves a turbine, comprising a set of rotor blades, rather like an oversized aircraft propeller, connected to an electricity generator through a system of gears. Developers have mainly concentrated on improvements in the blades, the manufacturing process, production of larger turbines and in the reduction of maintenance requirements. However, devices with large turbines must be mounted on tall and massive towers. These can spoil the landscape in which they are placed, which is usually in a remote area. In addition, since a number of devices must be located together to provide an economical energy output, the negative impact on the landscape is increased. The size of the turbine and the mounting requirements limit the number of suitable site locations for the devices.
These large devices are very noisy, which is a consequence of the high gear ratio between the turbine and the generator. The devices can only safely be operated in wind speeds up to approximately 25 m/s. At speeds above this limit the device must be shut down to avoid damage. Shutdown is achieved by turning the turbine and generator broadside to the wind and holding them there. This positioning and holding in place relies on an azimuth motor referenced by a remote wind direction sensor. The azimuth motor is geared to a ring gear. Failure or malfunction of any of these key components will render the entire system inoperable, and such an occurrence could lead to more serious damage to the device, and could possibly result in the loss of the turbine. As the size of the turbine is increased, to provide more power output, the support structure must also be enlarged and a point is reached where further enlargement of the turbine becomes uneconomical. The current devices have reached this limiting point of cost versus output. It is an object of the down wind stream JET turbine invention to overcome the disadvantages of the conventional wind-driven electrical power-generating device as described hereinbefore.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Thus, the invention provides a wind-driven electrical power-generating device, comprising a two stage coaxial wind JET turbine connected by a common to an electrical generator. The wind turbine and generator each being mounted downwind on a support structure.
The main advantages of the invented Two Stage Horizontal Axis Coaxial JET Downwind Turbine are compact design and high efficient operation at low and moderate wind speeds. Thanks to that the invented turbine is low maintenance and generate low cost power.
Invented JET wind turbines are implemented in the built environment, as well.
Invented JET wind turbines work in both vertical and horizontal axis operate noise- and vibration-free are low RPM and bird-safe come safely enclosed in protective frameworks require no special code exemptions or insurance set a new standard of wind generator beauty.
The general concept of jet self augmented crossflow turbine rotors based on the additional rotational jet forces. In the hollow blade part (by rotating) the centrifugal force is transforming to jet streams ejected trough outlet nozzles at the trailing blade edge that creating rotational jet torque. At low flow speed, when rpm is low- respective the centrifugal forces are not significant, the rotational jet torque is creating by flow redirection in the hollow blade trough outlet nozzles. JET augmented Savonius vertical axis turbine have the best performance in the comparison of any drag turbine in both flow wind and water.
In the case of Darrieus and Darrieus-like vertical rotors the jet blade is more efficient than the any airfoil blade rotors in very broad turbulent wind speed spectrum. Jet blades designs transition from a drag mode to a nearly pure lift mode, equating to a surge in power output of 4-fold. All jet blade turbines increased both blade velocity and efficiency.
See video JET BLADE TORNADO TYPE VAWT . See animations of several types of new invented wind turbines with straight and helical twisted jet bladesSee animations of several types of new invented wind turbines with straight and helical twisted jet blades
A comparison of the conventional and newly invented wind machines is presented here.
Newly invented crossflow VAWT is applicable to stand alone and grid connected wind powered system and hybrid photovoltaic/wind facilities. The JET BLADE Turbines are applicable as wind motors (see a video here) A JET S-ROTOR cross flow turbine ( test model) in operation is shown at this video here. S-ROTOR turbine is a drag / jet / lift machine. S-ROTOR turbine is constructed with two jet blade channels in the periphery of each blade. Power augmentation is up to 2 times for non-ducted applications. Low noise / high torque machine with direct drive low speed (rpm) permanent magnets alternator. Self start at low wind velocity. Very good performance at high turbulent winds and as a group of close spaced vertical axis jet wind turbine with a common drive train. Self braking effect at high wind speed.
One of the problems with Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) is that the generators and gearboxes tend to be in an inaccessible position at the top of the structure's tower. This makes them difficult and costly to maintain. Such designs also require gearing mechanisms to ensure they are always facing into the wind. By contrast, VAWT can harness the wind from any direction, allowing them to run more efficiently without the need for such mechanisms. The biggest HAWTs are capable of producing 7-8 MW of power and stand just short of 200m tall, but if you try to make them any bigger they start to become less efficient. One reason is that the weight of the turbine blades becomes prohibitive. As they turn, this places the blades under enormous stress because gravity compresses them as they rise and stretches them as they fall. The larger you make these structures, the more robust they must be in order to withstand these forces. Add to that the cost and difficulty of building the increasingly large towers needed to keep this top-heavy structure stable and you have a major engineering challenge on your hands.
The JET BLADE VAWT gets round these problems. The centre of gravity is at the bottom, making the structure much more stable. The blade inductive loses of the conventional megawatt class VAWT and HAWT are very high. This loses avoided significantly by new invented partly hollow JET BLADE. The inlet apertures of JET BLADE and outlet nozzles of the blade trailing edge formed jet streams that improved air dynamic efficiency. JET BLADE VAWT design is relatively simple. Because of this the technology lends itself to large engineering projects, which is precisely what is needed with wind power. The 140-metre high V-shaped JET BLADE VAWT would be mounted onshore or offshore and capable of generating up to 10 megawatts of electricity - three times as much power as a conventional HAWT of equivalent size. The jet blade turbine design allows to reduce significantly the cost of electricity generated at the level as low as the utility grid prices at present.
See a video of a Lift / Drag Blade Cross Flow Turbine
The best known solutions for wind applications is jet tip rotor blade (patent pending) of horizontal axis turbine. Jet tip channels of the rotor blade between parallel tip winglets are formed. Jet tip channels avoided tip losses and redirected flow behind blade tips. Jet channels accelerated jet stream behind blade tip and create in opposite directional an additional rotational jet force.
JET Mode of Wind / Hydro Turbine Operation
All my inventions related to the hydro and wind JET turbine applications are based on JET force creating an additional rotating JET torque. It is a radical new solution. Thanks to it the turbine efficiency is increased up to 2 times for both lift and drag devices on the vertical, inclined and horizontal axis hydro / wind rotors of axial and cross flow rotors. All JET augmented turbines are self starting devices at very low flow stream.
Wave energy is the capacity of the waves for doing work. Ocean waves are generated by the influence of the wind on the ocean surface first causing ripples. As the wind continues to blow, the ripples become chop, fully developed seas and finally swells. In deep water, the energy in waves can travel for thousands of miles until that energy is finally dissipated on distant shores. The best wave energy converters directly extract both kinetic and potential wave energy that we call 3D power converters. Several advanced patent pending 3D power converters have been developed. Advanced ocean wave / tidal patent pending solutions see here
Tidal in stream energy occurs due to the moving mass of water with speed and direction as caused by the gravitational forces of the sun and the moon, and centrifugal and inertial forces on the earth's waters. Due to its proximity to the earth, the moon exerts roughly twice the tide raising force of the sun. The gravitational forces of the sun and moon and the centrifugal/inertial forces caused by the rotation of the earth around the center of mass of the earth-moon system create two "bulges" in the earth's oceans: one closest to the moon, and the other on the opposite side of the globe. The best tidal flow converters efficient convert both low and high velocity stream energy that we call Rotojet turbines. Several advanced patent pending Rotojet turbine systems have been developed. Advanced ocean wave / tidal patent pending solutions see here
For official patent publications see here
Videos of newest patents see here
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София, Тел.: 02 8760 431, 02 8770 481, 0897 872 857, 0888 40 39 13, Е-mail: George Tonchev
Author and inventor: © George Tonchev